What is “Passive” investing?
Passive investing is an investment style in which investors:
- focus on the ways markets are correct, rather than trying to take advantage of the ways markets are mistaken.
- view markets as an ally and try to take advantage of the ways markets compensate investors.
- believe exposures to risk factors [market (stocks vs. T-bills), size (small stocks vs. large stocks), and price (high/low book-to-market)--or (value vs. growth)] — collectively do the best job pinpointing the sources of investment risk that account for stock market returns.
- focus on costs, which significantly affect net returns and are one of the few areas investors can control.
- believe investments need not be complicated or exciting, just effective.Because capital markets work and generate long-term positive returns, you can set expected return targets. For many investors, investment risk is a preference, and your portfolio objectives determine the amount of intentional risk you need to capture. Ultimately, everyone’s financial goal is to be financially secure.

